Challenges and Achievements of Rotavirus Vaccination: Contributions of Transcultural Nursing—A Narrative Review
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Abstract
Rotavirus is a leading cause of gastrointestinal disease in children under five years of age. Prevention relies on oral vaccination using Rotarix—included in the Expanded Program on Immunization (PAI)—and RotaTeq, which is available outside this program. This study aims to describe the evidence on advances in and challenges to rotavirus vaccination, highlighting the barriers and opportunities that influence coverage, acceptability, and health inequalities among children. A narrative review with a qualitative, interpretive approach was conducted, including observational and cross-sectional studies, case reports, and qualitative research. Analysis was performed using Atlas.ti, employing word clouds and deductive coding to construct analytical networks. Identified advances include the incorporation of the vaccine into national programs, the commitment of healthcare personnel, and institutional support. Challenges persist regarding caregiver misinformation, low coverage in rural areas, cultural barriers, methodological heterogeneity, and geopolitical differences. Although rotavirus vaccination has made significant progress, culturally appropriate communication strategies must be strengthened to reduce barriers and improve equitable coverage across diverse populations.
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