Explorando la complejidad de la innovación abierta en pymes: estrategias y combinaciones para el éxito
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Desde la perspectiva del pensamiento complejo, este trabajo tuvo como propósito identificar las estrategias de innovación abierta (IA) con mayor recurrencia y su potencial aplicación en pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes). Para este estudio de corte cualitativo se utilizó la técnica de revisión sistemática de literatura; aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión que facilitaran la elección de artículos sobre innovación abierta en pymes.
Se identificaron diferentes estrategias de IA utilizadas para luego analizarlas (Tranfield, 2003). De los hallazgos obtenidos, se puede evidenciar abundante literatura con relación a las actividades, fuentes, conceptos y perfiles de IA, sin embargo, se deja entrever la gran variedad de terminología y la falta de homogenización en las definiciones encontradas en los diferentes estudios. Con los resultados obtenidos, se procedió a agrupar las diferentes actividades y estrategias de IA encontradas; organizándolas en categorías para facilitar su estudio. También se recurrió a diferentes combinaciones entre ellas que permitieran potencializar las oportunidades, entendiendo sus interrelaciones como sistemas complejos. La innovación abierta es clave para el logro de la competitividad y sostenibilidad de las pymes, por ello, este estudio permite identificar de qué manera la integración de las diferentes estrategias de IA, como la gestión del conocimiento, redes y alianzas, mercado empresarial y el licenciamiento, fortalecen sus capacidades. Combinar estas estrategias bajo un enfoque de pensamiento complejo, maximiza su impacto y les permite superar sus barreras estructurales; igualmente, facilita la toma de decisiones estratégicas y la adaptación a entornos dinámicos. Futuras investigaciones pueden evaluar empíricamente su efectividad, impulsando modelos más integrados y sostenibles para su crecimiento empresarial.
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